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Interpreting a Computer Display

In Exercises 5–8, we want to consider the correlation between heights of fathers and mothers and the heights of their sons. Refer to the StatCrunch display and answer the given questions or identify the indicated items. The display is based on Data Set 10 “Family Heights” in Appendix B. (The response y variable represents heights of sons.)

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Height of Son Should the multiple regression equation be used for predicting the height of a son based on the height of his father and mother? Why or why not?

Garbage: Finding the Best Multiple Regression Equation

In Exercises 9–12, refer to the accompanying table, which was obtained by using the data from 62 households listed in Data Set 42 “Garbage Weight” in Appendix B. The response (y) variable is PLAS (weight of discarded plastic in pounds). The predictor (x) variables are METAL (weight of discarded metals in pounds), PAPER (weight of discarded paper in pounds), and GLASS (weight of discarded glass in pounds).

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If only one predictor (x) variable is used to predict the weight of discarded plastic, which single variable is best? Why?

Garbage: Finding the Best Multiple Regression Equation

In Exercises 9–12, refer to the accompanying table, which was obtained by using the data from 62 households listed in Data Set 42 “Garbage Weight” in Appendix B. The response (y) variable is PLAS (weight of discarded plastic in pounds). The predictor (x) variables are METAL (weight of discarded metals in pounds), PAPER (weight of discarded paper in pounds), and GLASS (weight of discarded glass in pounds).

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If exactly two predictor (x) variables are to be used to predict the weight of discarded plastic, which two variables should be chosen? Why?

Finding the Equation of the Regression Line

In Exercises 9 and 10, use the given data to find the equation of the regression line. Examine the scatterplot and identify a characteristic of the data that is ignored by the regression line.

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Effects of an Outlier Refer to the Minitab-generated scatterplot given in Exercise 9 of Section 10-1

a. Using the pairs of values for all 10 points, find the equation of the regression line.

Effects of Clusters Refer to the Minitab-generated scatterplot given in Exercise 10 of Section 10-1.

a. Using the pairs of values for all 8 points, find the equation of the regression line.

Dummy Variable Refer to Data Set 18 “Bear Measurements” in Appendix B and use the sex, age, and weight of the bears. For sex, let 0 represent female and let 1 represent male. Letting the response variable represent weight, use the variable of age and the dummy variable of sex to find the multiple regression equation. Use the equation to find the predicted weight of a bear with the characteristics given below. Does sex appear to have much of an effect on the weight of a bear?

Female bear that is 20 years of age

Male bear that is 20 years of age

Finding the Best Model

In Exercises 5–16, construct a scatterplot and identify the mathematical model that best fits the given data. Assume that the model is to be used only for the scope of the given data, and consider only linear, quadratic, logarithmic, exponential, and power models.

Sunspot Numbers Listed below in order by row are annual sunspot numbers beginning with 1980. Is the best model a good model? Carefully examine the scatterplot and identify the pattern of the points. Which of the models fits that pattern?

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Exercises 1–10 are based on the following sample data consisting of costs of dinner (dollars) and the amounts of tips (dollars) left by diners. The data were collected by students of the author.

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Fixed Percentage If a restaurant were to change its tipping policy so that a constant tip of 20% of the bill is added to the cost of the dinner, what would be the value of the linear correlation coefficient for the paired amounts of dinners/tips?

Exercises 1–10 are based on the following sample data consisting of costs of dinner (dollars) and the amounts of tips (dollars) left by diners. The data were collected by students of the author.

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Change in Scale Exercise 1 stated that for the given paired data, r = 0.846. How does that value change if all of the amounts of dinners are left unchanged but all of the tips are expressed in cents instead of dollars?

Time and Motion In a physics experiment at Doane College, a soccer ball was thrown upward from the bed of a moving truck. The table below lists the time (sec) that has lapsed from the throw and the corresponding height (m) of the soccer ball.

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c. What horrible mistake would be easy to make if the analysis is conducted without a scatterplot?

In Exercises 1–4, use the following sequence of political party affiliations of recent presidents of the United States, where R represents Republican and D represents Democrat.

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Testing for Bias Can the runs test be used to show the proportion of Republicans is significantly greater than the proportion of Democrats?

In Exercises 1–4, use the following sequence of political party affiliations of recent presidents of the United States, where R represents Republican and D represents Democrat.

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Notation Identify the values of n1,n2 and G that would be used in the runs test for randomness.

Control Limits In a control chart, what are upper and lower control limits, and what is their purpose?

Time and Motion In a physics experiment at Doane College, a soccer ball was thrown upward from the bed of a moving truck. The table below lists the time (sec) that has lapsed from the throw and the corresponding height (m) of the soccer ball.

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a. Find the value of the linear correlation coefficient r.