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Probability is a measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1. An event with a probability close to 0 is unlikely to happen, while an event with a probability close to 1 is very likely. Understanding probability is essential for determining whether an event is unusual, as it allows us to quantify how often we expect an event to occur in a given context.

In statistics, an event is often considered unusual if its probability of occurrence is significantly low, typically defined as less than 5%. This threshold helps to identify events that deviate from what is expected based on historical data or theoretical models. Recognizing unusual events is crucial for making informed decisions and understanding the implications of rare occurrences.

Statistical significance refers to the likelihood that a relationship or effect observed in data is not due to random chance. It is often assessed using p-values, where a p-value less than 0.05 indicates that the results are statistically significant. This concept is important when evaluating whether the events in Exercises 75-78 can be deemed unusual, as it provides a framework for interpreting the results in a meaningful way.