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The mean, or average, is calculated by summing all the values in a dataset and then dividing by the number of values. In the context of trade deficits, it provides a central value that represents the overall trade deficit across the countries listed. This measure is sensitive to extreme values, which can skew the mean if there are significant outliers.

The median is the middle value in a dataset when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order. It is a robust measure of central tendency that is less affected by outliers compared to the mean. For trade deficits, the median gives a better sense of the typical deficit experienced with the countries listed, especially if there are countries with very high or low deficits.

A trade deficit occurs when a country's imports exceed its exports, resulting in a negative balance of trade. In the context of the U.S. trade deficits with various countries, it indicates how much more the U.S. is spending on foreign goods and services compared to what it is earning from exports. Understanding trade deficits is crucial for analyzing economic health and international trade relationships.