2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs
Visualizing Qualitative vs. Quantitative Data
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The following data set shows the number of overtime hours that 12 employees worked in a month. Construct a frequency distribution, suing a lower class limit of 3 and a class width of 4.
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Identify the range of the data set by finding the minimum and maximum values. In this case, the minimum is 3 and the maximum is 15.
Determine the number of classes. A good rule of thumb is to use between 5 and 20 classes. For this problem, we will use 4 classes as suggested by the problem statement.
Calculate the class width using the formula: Class Width = (Maximum Value - Minimum Value) / Number of Classes. Here, the class width is (15 - 3) / 4 = 3. However, the problem specifies a class width of 4, so we will use that.
Construct the class intervals starting from the lower class limit of 3. The first class will be 3 to 6, the second class will be 7 to 10, the third class will be 11 to 14, and the fourth class will be 15 to 18.
Count the number of data points that fall into each class interval to determine the frequency for each class. For example, the first class (3-6) includes the data points 3, 5, 6, and 4, resulting in a frequency of 4.
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