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A stem-and-leaf plot is a graphical representation used to display quantitative data in a way that retains the original data values while showing their distribution. Each number is split into a 'stem' (the leading digit or digits) and a 'leaf' (the trailing digit). This format allows for easy visualization of the data's shape and helps identify the frequency of values within specific ranges.

Probability is a measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1. In this context, it involves calculating the proportion of teams that allowed at least 51 touchdowns out of the total number of teams. Understanding how to compute probabilities is essential for making inferences about data and assessing the likelihood of various outcomes.

An event is considered unusual if its probability is significantly low, often defined as less than 5%. In the context of this question, determining whether the event of a team allowing at least 51 touchdowns is unusual involves calculating its probability and comparing it to this threshold. This concept helps in understanding the rarity of certain outcomes within a dataset.