Table of contents
- 1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data55m
- 2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs1h 55m
- 3. Describing Data Numerically1h 45m
- 4. Probability2h 16m
- 5. Binomial Distribution & Discrete Random Variables2h 33m
- 6. Normal Distribution and Continuous Random Variables1h 38m
- 7. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Mean1h 3m
- 8. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Proportion1h 12m
- 9. Hypothesis Testing for One Sample1h 1m
- 10. Hypothesis Testing for Two Samples2h 8m
- 11. Correlation48m
- 12. Regression1h 4m
- 13. Chi-Square Tests & Goodness of Fit1h 20m
- 14. ANOVA1h 0m
2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs
Histograms
Problem 2.1.19d
Textbook Question
Use the frequency histogram
d. describe any patterns with the data..


1
Step 1: Observe the histogram and identify the salary ranges on the x-axis (34.5-44.5, 44.5-54.5, etc.) and the frequency of employees in each range on the y-axis.
Step 2: Note the shape of the histogram. It appears to be unimodal and slightly skewed to the right, with the highest frequency occurring in the 54.5-64.5 salary range.
Step 3: Describe the central tendency. The majority of employees earn salaries in the middle ranges (54.5-64.5 and 64.5-74.5), indicating that these are the most common salary brackets.
Step 4: Identify any outliers or less frequent salary ranges. Salaries in the 34.5-44.5 and 94.5+ ranges have significantly lower frequencies, suggesting fewer employees earn salaries in these brackets.
Step 5: Summarize the pattern. The data shows a concentration of employee salaries in the middle ranges, with fewer employees earning very low or very high salaries, which is typical of a distribution with a central peak.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Frequency Histogram
A frequency histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data. It displays the frequency of data points within specified ranges (bins) on the x-axis, while the y-axis shows the number of occurrences. This visualization helps identify patterns, such as the shape of the distribution, central tendencies, and variability in the data.
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Patterns in Data
Identifying patterns in data involves analyzing the histogram to observe trends, clusters, or anomalies. For instance, one might look for peaks indicating common salary ranges, gaps suggesting less frequent salaries, or the overall shape of the distribution (normal, skewed, etc.). Recognizing these patterns is crucial for making informed decisions based on the data.
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Salary Distribution
Salary distribution refers to how employee salaries are spread across different ranges. In the context of the histogram, it shows how many employees fall into various salary brackets, which can reveal insights about income inequality, average salaries, and the overall economic health of the organization. Understanding this distribution is essential for effective workforce planning and compensation strategies.
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