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A z score, or standard score, indicates how many standard deviations an element is from the mean of a data set. It is calculated using the formula: z = (X - μ) / σ, where X is the value, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard deviation. Z scores are useful for comparing values from different distributions and understanding their relative position within a distribution.

The mean, or average, is a measure of central tendency that summarizes a set of values by dividing the sum of all values by the number of values. In the context of the diastolic blood pressure measurements, the mean provides a reference point to understand the typical blood pressure level among the sampled females. It is essential for calculating z scores, as it represents the baseline from which deviations are measured.

Standard deviation is a statistic that quantifies the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values. A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean, while a high standard deviation indicates a wider spread. In this exercise, the standard deviation of 11.2 mm Hg helps to understand how individual diastolic blood pressure measurements vary from the mean, which is crucial for calculating z scores.