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An ogive is a cumulative frequency graph that represents the number of observations below a particular value in a dataset. It is constructed by plotting cumulative frequencies against the upper boundaries of the class intervals. This graph helps in visualizing the distribution of data and allows for easy determination of how many observations fall within a specific range.

Cumulative frequency is the running total of frequencies in a dataset, showing the number of observations that fall below or at a certain value. It is calculated by adding the frequency of each class interval to the sum of the frequencies of all preceding intervals. This concept is essential for understanding how data accumulates and is crucial for interpreting ogives.

Interpreting data ranges involves analyzing specific intervals within a dataset to understand the distribution of values. In the context of the question, determining the number of black bears weighing between 158.5 and 244.5 pounds requires identifying the cumulative frequencies at these weight thresholds on the ogive. This allows for the calculation of the number of bears within that weight range by subtracting the cumulative frequencies.