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Sampling methods are techniques used to select individuals from a population to participate in a study. Common methods include simple random sampling, where each member has an equal chance of selection; systematic sampling, which involves selecting every nth individual; convenience sampling, where subjects are chosen based on ease of access; stratified sampling, which divides the population into subgroups and samples from each; and cluster sampling, where entire groups are randomly selected.

Convenience sampling involves selecting participants who are easily accessible to the researcher. This method is often used when quick and easy data collection is needed, but it can introduce bias because the sample may not be representative of the entire population. In the context of the question, recruiting patients from a specific hospital suggests convenience sampling, as it relies on the availability of subjects in a particular location.

The method of sampling can significantly affect the quality and generalizability of research results. Non-random sampling methods, like convenience sampling, can introduce bias, limiting the ability to generalize findings to the broader population. In the given scenario, using patients from a single hospital may not accurately reflect the characteristics of all patients, potentially skewing the study's outcomes and reducing its external validity.