Table of contents
- 1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data55m
- 2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs1h 55m
- 3. Describing Data Numerically1h 45m
- 4. Probability2h 16m
- 5. Binomial Distribution & Discrete Random Variables2h 33m
- 6. Normal Distribution and Continuous Random Variables1h 38m
- 7. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Mean1h 3m
- 8. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Proportion1h 12m
- 9. Hypothesis Testing for One Sample1h 1m
- 10. Hypothesis Testing for Two Samples2h 8m
- 11. Correlation48m
- 12. Regression1h 4m
- 13. Chi-Square Tests & Goodness of Fit1h 20m
- 14. ANOVA1h 0m
1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data
Intro to Stats
Problem 1.RE.18
Textbook Question
Determine the level of measurement of the data set. Explain.
The total compensations (in millions of dollars) of the ten highest-paid CEOs at U.S. public companies are listed. (Source: 24/7 Wall St.)
280.6 66.9 42.9 36.5 34.3 31.6 31.6 28.8 26.4 25.8

1
Identify the four levels of measurement in statistics: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Each level represents a different way of categorizing and interpreting data.
Examine the data set provided: 280.6, 66.9, 42.9, 36.5, 34.3, 31.6, 31.6, 28.8, 26.4, 25.8. These are numerical values representing the total compensations of CEOs in millions of dollars.
Determine if the data has a true zero point. In this case, a compensation of $0 would indicate the absence of compensation, which confirms the presence of a true zero point.
Assess whether the data can be meaningfully compared using ratios. For example, a compensation of $280.6 million is 10 times greater than $28.8 million, which is a valid ratio comparison. This confirms that the data is at the ratio level of measurement.
Conclude that the level of measurement for this data set is 'ratio' because it is numerical, has a true zero point, and allows for meaningful ratio comparisons.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Levels of Measurement
Levels of measurement refer to the different ways data can be categorized and quantified. There are four primary levels: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Each level has distinct characteristics, with ratio being the highest level, allowing for meaningful comparisons and calculations, including the use of absolute zero.
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Ratio Level Data
Ratio level data is a type of quantitative data that possesses all the properties of interval data, but also includes a true zero point, which allows for the comparison of absolute magnitudes. In the context of the CEO compensation data, the total compensations can be compared, and a value of zero would indicate no compensation, making it a ratio level measurement.
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Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive statistics involve summarizing and organizing data to understand its main features. This includes measures such as mean, median, and mode, which can provide insights into the central tendency of the compensation figures. Understanding these statistics is essential for interpreting the data set effectively.
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