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The sample standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of sample data points. It quantifies how much the individual scores differ from the sample mean. To calculate it, you take the square root of the variance, which is the average of the squared differences from the mean. This concept is crucial for understanding the spread of SAT scores in the given data set.

Normal distribution is a probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean. In statistics, many tests and confidence intervals assume that the underlying data is normally distributed, which simplifies analysis and interpretation. This assumption is important when constructing confidence intervals for the SAT scores.

A confidence interval is a range of values, derived from a data set, that is likely to contain the true population parameter with a specified level of confidence, typically 95% or 99%. It provides an estimate of uncertainty around a sample statistic, such as the mean. Understanding how to construct and interpret confidence intervals is essential for making inferences about the population based on the sample data provided.