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The mean, often referred to as the average, is calculated by summing all the values in a dataset and dividing by the number of values. It provides a central value that represents the dataset but can be influenced by extreme values (outliers). For example, in the cholesterol levels provided, the mean gives a general idea of the average cholesterol level among the employees.

The median is the middle value of a dataset when it is ordered from least to greatest. If there is an even number of observations, the median is the average of the two middle numbers. This measure is particularly useful for understanding the center of a dataset that may have outliers, as it is not affected by extreme values. In the cholesterol data, finding the median helps to identify a central tendency that is more representative of the majority of the values.

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset. A dataset may have one mode, more than one mode (bimodal or multimodal), or no mode at all if all values are unique. In the context of cholesterol levels, identifying the mode can highlight the most common cholesterol level among the employees, providing insight into typical health metrics within the group.