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Independent events are those whose occurrence does not affect the probability of the occurrence of another event. In probability theory, two events A and B are independent if the probability of both occurring together is equal to the product of their individual probabilities, P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B). Understanding this concept is crucial for determining whether the results of a study suggest a relationship between the events being analyzed.

Dependent events are events where the occurrence of one event affects the probability of the other event occurring. For example, if event A influences the likelihood of event B, then they are considered dependent. In the context of the study mentioned, if playing violent video games were found to influence aggressive behavior, the two events would be dependent, indicating a relationship between them.

Statistical significance refers to the likelihood that a relationship between two or more variables is caused by something other than mere chance. In studies, researchers often use p-values to determine significance, with a common threshold being p < 0.05. In the context of the study on video games and aggression, finding no significant relationship suggests that any observed effects are likely due to random variation rather than a true causal link.