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• Features an聽expanded section on avoiding plagiarism聽(Ch 1 and 3).
• Includes updated drawings that聽clarify how to read figures and interpret data聽(Ch 3).
• Provides more information about聽citing references and listing them in the Literature Cited section of reports, including information about adding DOI鈥檚 (digital object identifiers) to references and how to cite online journals (Ch 5).
• Offers advice on聽organizing talks and giving regular, short oral presentations in class聽based on a single graph or table from a research paper Ch 11).
• Features information on how to聽address controls and write a good Materials and Methods section聽of a laboratory report of research paper (Ch 9).
• Includes material about聽preparing manuscripts for online submission聽(Ch 9).
• Features content on聽writing effective figure captions聽(Ch 9).
• Offers examples about聽building logical introductions聽that lead to the specific research question to be addressed (Ch 9).
• 滨苍肠濒耻诲别蝉听more boldfacing,聽making it easier for students to locate advice of particular importance.

Part I General Advice about Writing and Reading Biology聽

1. Introduction and General Rules聽

What Lies Ahead?

What Do Biologists Write About, and Why?聽

The Keys to Success聽

Avoiding Plagiarism聽

On Using Computers in Writing聽

On Using Computers for Data Storage, Analysis, and Presentation聽

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Technology Tip 1. Using Shortcuts and AutoCorrect聽

2. Locating Useful Sources聽

What Lies Ahead?聽

Easy Ways to Access The Primary Literature聽

Using Indexes聽

Using Science Citation Index聽

Using Current Contents Connect聽

Using Medline and Other Databases聽

Prowling the Internet聽

Conducting Web Searches: Developing Productive Search Strategies聽

Final Thoughts About Efficient Searching: Technology Isn鈥檛 Everything聽

Closing Thoughts聽

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Technology Tip 2. Using Search Engines E ffectively聽

3. General Advice on Reading, Note Taking, and Avoiding Plagiarism聽

What Lies Ahead?聽

Why Read and What to Read聽

Effective Reading聽

Reading Data: Plumbing the Depths of Figures and Tables聽

Take Notes in Your Own Words聽

Final Thoughts on Note Taking: Document Your Sources聽

厂耻尘尘补谤测听

4. Reading and Writing About Statistical Analyses聽

What Lies Ahead?聽

Statistical Essentials聽Summary: Using Statistics to Test Hypotheses聽

Moving Beyond p-Values

Reading About Statistics聽

Writing About Statistics聽

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5. Citing Sources and Listing References聽

What Lies Ahead?聽

Citing Sources聽Summary of Citation Format Rules聽

Preparing the Literature Cited Section聽

A Sample Literature Cited Section聽

Technology Tip 3. Bibliographic Management S oftware聽

Technology Tip 4. Producing Hanging Indents聽

6. Revising聽What Lies Ahead?聽

Preparing the Draft for Surgery: Plotting Idea Maps聽

Revising for Content聽

Revising for Clarity聽

Revising for Completeness聽

Revising for Conciseness聽

Revising for Flow聽Revising for Teleology and Anthropomorphism聽

Revising For Spelling Errors聽

Revising for Grammar and Proper Word Usage聽

Becoming a Good Reviewer聽

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Technology Tip 5. Tracking Changes Madeto Documents 115

Part II Guidelines for Specific Tasks聽

Prelude: Why Are You Writing Papers and Proposals and Giving Talks?聽

7. Writing Summaries, Critiques, Essays,and Review Papers聽

What Lies Ahead?聽

Writing Summaries and Critiques

Sample Student 厂耻尘尘补谤测听

Writing Essays and Review Papers聽

Checklist for Essays and Review Papers聽

8. Answering Essay Questions聽

Basic Principles聽

Applying the Principles聽

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9. Writing Laboratory and Other Research Reports

What Lies Ahead?聽

Why Are You Doing This?聽

The Purpose of Laboratory and Field Notebooks聽

Components of the Research Report聽

Where to Start聽

When to Start聽

Writing the Materials and Methods Section聽

Writing The Results Section聽

Citing Sources聽

What to Do Next?聽

Writing the Discussion Section聽

Writing the Introduction Section聽

Talking About Your Study Organism or Field Site聽

Deciding on a Title聽

Writing an Abstract聽

Preparing an Acknowledgments Section聽

Preparing the Literature Cited Section聽

Preparing a Paper for Formal Publication聽

A Note About Co-Authorship聽

Checklist for the Final Draft聽T

echnology Tip 6. Using Computer Spreadsheets for Data Collection聽

Technology Tip 7. Graphing with Excel聽

10. Writing Research Proposals

What Lies Ahead?聽

What Are Reviewers Looking For?聽

Researching Your Topic聽

What Makes a Good Research Question?聽

Writing the Proposal聽

Tightening the Logic聽

The Life of a Real Research Proposal聽颁丑别肠办濒颈蝉迟听

11. Presenting Research Findings: Preparing Talks and Poster Presentations聽

What Lies Ahead?聽

Oral Presentations聽

Writing the Talk聽

Giving the Talk聽

Dos and Don鈥檛s for Oral Presentations聽

Common PowerPoint庐 Errors聽

Checklist for Being Judged聽

Poster Presentations聽

Checklist for Making Posters聽

12. Writing Letters of Application聽

What Lies Ahead?聽

Before You Start聽Preparing the CV聽

Preparing the Cover Letter聽

Getting Effective Letters of Recommendation

Appendix A Commonly Used Abbreviations聽

Appendix B Recommended Resources聽Index