İngilizce görüşme nasıl çalışır?

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Bir çift, biri dizüstü bilgisayar, diğeri kitapla kanepeye oturdu; İkisi de gülüyor

İngilizce dil öğretmenleri her yerde öğrencilerin konuşma becerilerini geliştirmelerine yardımcı olmak için zaman ve enerji harcarlar. Bazıları İngilizce konuşmanın gerçekten öğretilip öğretilemeyeceğini sorabilir. Ve - eğer yapabilirse - kuralların ne olabileceği.

Bu soruları araştırmak için dünyaca ünlü ile konuştuk. Bangor Üniversitesi'nde Fahri Dilbilim Profesörüdür ve konuyla ilgili 120'den fazla kitap yazmıştır.

Bir sohbeti iyi yapan nedir?

"Dilin bu günlük kullanımını mikroskop altına almamız çok önemli" diyor. Odaklanmamız gereken korumanın üç kritik yönünü vurguluyor:

  • ııı
  • Աşı
  • Uygunluk

Ama sonuçta, insanların iyi bir sohbet etmiş gibi hissederek bir sohbetten uzaklaşmaları gerektiğini söylüyor.

"Çoğunlukla, insanlar bu tür bir karşılıklı saygı, karşılıklı fırsat istiyorlar ve kendilerini rahat hissettikleri bir tür ortak konuya sahipler - ve bence bunlar temel bilgiler."

Konuşma kuralları

Öğrencilere başarılı bir sohbete katılmayı öğretmenin birçok yolu vardır - gayri resmi olarak nasıl konuşulacağı, tonlamanın nasıl kullanılacağı ve geri bildirim nasıl sağlanacağı dahil. Öyleyse, odaklanılması gereken bazı temel alanlara bir göz atalım:

1) Uygunluk

ııı ve anlaşılırlık, İngilizce dil sınıflarında yaygın olarak ele alınmaktadır. Ancak uygunluğu öğretmek daha karmaşık olabilir. Konuşmaya uygunluğu öğretmeye hazırlanırken, buna iki farklı mercekten bakabiliriz: konu ve üslup:

2) Konu

"Bir sohbeti başlatmak için hangi konuyu kullanmak uygundur? Burada kültürel farklılıklar var" diyor. Hava genellikle iyi bir buz kırıcıdır, çünkü herkes bundan etkilenir. Önemli olan, tüm katılımcıların anlayabileceği ve etkileşimde bulunabileceği ortak bir konu bulmaktır.

3) Stil

Öğretmenler ayrıca öğrencilere konuşma tarzını öğretebilir ve konuşmaları İngilizcenasıl daha rahat hale getireceklerine odaklanabilir.

David, "çeşitli kelime dağarcığı ve dilbilgisi alanları - ve telaffuz, örneğin tonlama - ve bir konuşmanın gayri resmiliğinin oldukça geleneksel yollarla ifade edildiği beden dili var" diyor. Sunduğu bir örnek, öğrencilere sözleşmeli fiil formlarını nasıl kullanacaklarını öğretmektir.

4) Eşzamanlı geri bildirim

Bir konuşmayı harekete geçiren şey budur. Biriyle konuştuğumuzda, onlara geri bildirimde bulunarak onları dinlediğimizi bildiririz. "Gerçekten" veya "ha" gibi şeyler söyleriz ve yüz ifadeleri ve jestler gibi beden dilini kullanırız.

Tabii ki, bu geri bildirim sesleri ve ifadeleri öğretilebilir. Ancak öğrenciler için mutlaka yeni olmayacaklar. İngilizce öğrenciler de kendi dillerini konuşurken aynı şeyi yaparlar.

Yine de, video konferans platformlarında çevrimiçi konuşma söz konusu olduğunda, bu tür eşzamanlı geri bildirim vermenin kolay olmadığını unutmayın. İnsanların mikrofonları sessize alınmış olabilir veya konuşmalarda tepki vermeyi zorlaştıran bir gecikme olabilir. David, bunun çevrimiçi konuşmaların monologlara çok daha fazla benzediği anlamına geldiğini söylüyor.

5) Uptalk ve aksanlar

Uptalk, bir kişinin bir cümlede bir şey beyan etmesi, ancak sonunda tonlamasını yükseltmesidir. İngilizce öğrenciler için, biri soru soruyormuş gibi gelebilir.

İşte bir örnek:

  • "Holyhead'de yaşıyorum" dedi düz bir ses tonuyla – bu bir ifade.
  • "Holyhead'de yaşıyorum" dedi uptalk'u kullanarak – burada yaşadığınızı söylüyorsunuz, ancak başka birinin nerede olduğunu bilmeyebileceğini kabul edin.

Şimdi, öğretmenler uptalk'u öğretmeli mi? David evet diyor. Birincisi, bu şekilde konuşmak modadır - ve bir konuşmada neden kullanıldığını anlamayan İngilizce öğrenciler için kafa karıştırıcı olabilir.

"Diğer bir şey ise, burada dilde gerçek bir değişiklikle karşı karşıya kalmamız. Tüm dil öğretmenleri için en büyük sorunlardan biri, dil değişikliklerini takip etmektir. Ve dil değişimi çok hızlı olabilir ve şu anda da öyle" diyor.

Aksan söz konusu olduğunda, David bir hayranıdır. "Çiçeklerle dolu bir bahçede olmak gibi. Tüm dilsel çiçeklerin tadını çıkarın" diyor, "Dilin güzelliği, çeşitliliği bu".

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