Practical tips for supporting neurodivergent learners in the classroom

College students sat together at a table smiling
Reading time: 7 minutes

Educators need to meet the needs of all students, including those who are neurodivergent. Neurodivergence refers to variations in the human brain and cognition, including dyslexia, ADHD, and autism. Among these, dyslexia is one of the most common learning differences, affecting how individuals process written and spoken language. Although each student’s needs are unique, there are several practical, research-backed strategies educators can employ to support and empower these learners.Ìý

Let’s look at some tips for teachers, which cover everything from font choice and classroom environment to presentation of information and assessment design. Although these are designed to support neurodivergent students, they will in fact help fosterÌýa more inclusive, accessible, and positive learning experience for all learners.

Supporting neurodivergent students
Reproducir
Privacy and cookies

By watching, you agree ÃÛÌÒapp can share your viewership data for marketing and analytics for one year, revocable by deleting your cookies.

Understanding the needs of neurodivergent learners

Before diving into practical strategies, it’s important to appreciate the experiences of neurodivergent and dyslexic learners. Dyslexia, for example, is not a marker of intelligence but rather a difference in how the brain processes language. Dyslexic learners may struggle with reading fluency, decoding, spelling and rapid word recognition, even while they often excel in creativity and complex problem-solving.

Neurodivergent learners – whether they have dyslexia, ADHD, autism or other differences – may benefit from adjustments in classroom routines, communication styles and learning materials. By understanding these needs, educators can create a more equitable and supportive environment.

The best fonts for dyslexic and neurodivergent students

Choosing the right font is a simple yet powerful way to boost reading accessibility for all students, especially those with dyslexia or other processing differences. The wrong font can make reading unnecessarily difficult and frustrating, while the right choice can help letters stand apart and reduce confusion.

Sans-serif fonts are widely recommended for their clean, straightforward design. These fonts lack the decorative "feet" (serifs) found in traditional fonts, making each character more distinguishable. Excellent san-serif choices include:

  • Arial
  • Verdana
  • Tahoma
  • Calibri
  • Century Gothic

Specialized dyslexia-friendly fonts

There are fonts specifically designed to support dyslexic readers by making commonly-confused letters less ambiguous and heavier at the bottom to help prevent letter flipping. These include OpenDyslexic, Dyslexie and Lexie Readable. However, these fonts are not universally popular with dyslexic readers.Ìý

Where possible, allow students to adjust font preferences on class devices so they can choose the font that's best for them.

Best practices in font formatting

Size: Use a minimum of 12–14 point size for clarity; larger sizes can be helpful for headings or for students who need more support.

Spacing: Increase line spacing to at least 1.5; wider letter spacing and extra space between paragraphs make reading less visually taxing.

Avoid italics and underlining: Italics distort letter forms and underlining can obscure letters—use bold to highlight instead.

Contrast: Opt for black or dark text on a pale, non-glare background (such as off-white or pastel shades).

Consistent layout: Keep formatting uniform throughout materials to minimize distractions and support predictable reading flow.

Avoid decorative or complex fonts: Steer clear of ornate, script or novelty fonts such as Papyrus. These fonts can confuse letter shapes, reduce legibility and make reading much harder for neurodivergent students. Stick to clean, simple typefaces designed for readability.

Remember, flexibility is crucial as different students may have distinct font preferences. Encourage learners to share what works best for them and adapt when feasible.

Presenting information clearly and accessibly

The way information is presented can make a big difference for neurodivergent learners.

  • Chunk information: Present content in small, manageable sections instead of large blocks of text. Use headings, bullet points and numbered lists to help organize ideas.
  • Use visual aids: Incorporate diagrams, mind maps, infographics and images alongside text. Many learners process visual information more effectively than written language alone.
  • Supplement written text with audio or video: Offer spoken instructions, audiobooks, or video explanations. Providing multiple avenues to access content supports a wider range of learning styles.
  • Minimize cognitive load: Avoid overwhelming students with too much information at once. Introduce new concepts gradually and review key points often.
  • Provide clear instructions: Break down tasks into step-by-step instructions. Check for understanding by having students repeat directions or demonstrate the task.

Supporting organization and memory

Some neurodivergent learners may face challenges with organization, working memory and following complex instructions. Consider the following:

  • Use planners and checklists: Provide visual checklists, planners or digital apps to help students organize assignments and deadlines.
  • Color-code materials: Color-coded folders and labels can help students quickly locate notes, homework and resources.
  • Allow note-taking alternatives: Encourage mind mapping, drawing or audio recording as alternatives to traditional note-taking.
  • Offer memory aids: Use mnemonics, rhymes and visual cues to reinforce key concepts.

Flexible assessment and assignment design

Standardized assessments and traditional assignments can disadvantage some neurodivergent learners. To level the playing field:

  • Offer alternatives to written exams: Allow students to demonstrate learning through oral presentations, videos or creative projects where appropriate.
  • Extended time and untimed tests: Provide extra time for reading, processing and producing work to reduce anxiety and allow for accurate demonstration of knowledge.
  • Clear rubrics: Share assessment criteria in advance and use straightforward language.
  • Feedback that builds confidence: Focus on effort, improvement and the strengths each student brings to the class.

Building an inclusive classroom environment

Creating a classroom culture that values difference, flexibility and acceptance is essential.

  • Promote a growth mindset: Emphasize that mistakes are part of learning. Celebrate progress, resilience, and creative thinking.
  • Encourage peer support: Foster collaboration, buddy systems and group work that allows students to shine in different roles.
  • Be mindful of sensory needs: Some neurodivergent learners are sensitive to noise, light or texture. Provide quiet zones, sensory tools or headphones as needed.
  • Respect privacy and agency: Allow students to disclose challenges at their own pace. Avoid singling anyone out or making assumptions about abilities.

Utilize technology

Technology offers a wealth of tools for making learning more accessible:

  • Text-to-speech software: Tools like NaturalReader and built-in accessibility features let students hear text read aloud.
  • Speech-to-text tools: Enable students to dictate assignments or notes, reducing the burden of spelling and handwriting.
  • Accessible learning platforms: Choose digital platforms that allow for customization, such as adjustable font sizes, background colors or audio narration.
  • Organizational apps: Tools such as Google Calendar, Trello or reminders can help neurodivergent students track assignments and manage time.

Communicating with families and specialists

Strong home-school collaboration is vital. Keep open lines of communication with families and, where possible, collaborate with learning specialists, speech-language therapists and occupational therapists. Share strategies that are effective in the classroom and seek input from caregivers who know their child’s strengths and needs best.

Be understanding

Every learner is unique, and what works for one may not work for another. The most powerful tool at a teacher’s disposal is a flexible, empathetic approach – one that invites feedback, encourages self-advocacy and continuously adapts.

By implementing these practical strategies, educators not only help neurodivergent and dyslexic students thrive academically but also foster a sense of belonging and self-worth that extends far beyond the classroom walls. In doing so, we empower all learners to unlock their full potential and contribute their distinct perspectives to our ever-evolving world.

More blogs from ÃÛÌÒapp

  • A teacher stood at the front of a class holding a tablet in front of adult students

    9 steps to teaching advanced business English

    Por ÃÛÌÒapp Languages

    The challenge of teaching business English to C1 level students

    Once your English students reach a B2 level of English, they’re fairly competent communicators. For many learners, their motivation to improve starts to suffer when they reach this intermediate plateau. They understand almost everything and can express themselves clearly enough - so why would they want to continue learning English and achieve a C1 level of English?

    The CEFR describes C1-level learners as proficient users of a language. C1-level students have a high proficiency in English and perform well in an international work environment.

    How can we help our upper intermediate students reach this level and see the benefits in their own lives and careers? Here are nine steps you can take as an English language teacher to help your students achieve language proficiency.

    Ìý

  • a man with a backpack stood in a street with shops

    How to prepare for student life in the UK

    Por ÃÛÌÒapp Languages

    Deciding to study in the UK is a big step. Moving to a country with different food, language, culture and weather can make you nervous. It is completely normal to experience this.

    You may feel overwhelmed by the unfamiliarity of these things compared to what you are used to. Studying abroad can be a very rewarding experience once you get used to your new situation.Ìý

    So how can you conquer your fears? Here are some tips to prepare for life as an international student studying in the UK.

    Research student life in the UKÌý

    Even though you're in the United Kingdom to study, you need to balance studying with a social life. Otherwise you risk boredom or worse, burnout. Luckily, students all over the world love to socialize, and British students are no exception.Ìý Ìý

    The most well-known time to join student life in the UK is at Freshers Week. This is when new students are welcomed to the university with various social events. There's a fair where university clubs and societies try to get new members. There are clubs for many interests, hobbies and sports, so it's an excellent way to meet people who share your interests. There are some pretty unusual clubs too. At Cambridge, for example, there's a .Ìý

    Freshers Week is also a great opportunity to talk to everyone you can. Whether it's in the queue to get your student card or to your neighbor in your first lecture, everybody is in the same situation as you - they know nobody and are trying to figure out who to be friends with. During Freshers Week, you can make good friends and converse with other students. It's all about meeting new people.

    Get to know the faculty and staffÌý

    On your course website you'll be able to have a look at the academic staff and Ph.D. candidate profiles. Learn about their research interests and read a few abstracts of their past publications to get an idea of their work. This will help you understand their main focus during teaching and give you ideas for independent study projects.

    You can get to know the academic staff by signing up for online events before term starts. You'll hear them talking about the course and what you'll learn on it. Think about the questions you might ask.ÌýBefore the event you should read your course syllabus. While you read, consider the reasons for choosing or arranging certain topics in a specific order. If you have any questions, make a note of them.Ìý

    You might even be able to watch past lectures or sign up for events that they are participating in. That way you'll have some familiar faces around the department when you arrive at your university.

    Find out about the student unionÌý

    Student unions are a big part of UK universities. Every university has a union that you can join. Sometimes there are a few different student unions, so you can choose the one you think would suit you best. Student unions are on-campus buildings where students can attend events, eat, study and socialize with others.

    But as well as organizing clubs, societies and social events, they can also help with any problems you might have. Every union has a welfare officer, typically a recent graduate elected to assist current students with personal issues they may encounter.ÌýÌýÌý

    An international students' officer will be available to assist with any issues overseas students may encounter. This officer will have personal experience as an international student, making them well equipped to provide support. Knowing there are people to listen and help with your problems can be comforting, even if you don't need their assistance.

    Learn about the local social scene

    University life is more than just what's happening on campus. You can investigate a whole world outside your institution. In addition to nightlife, dining and cultural events, there are also sports clubs, outdoor activities and community volunteering.ÌýÌý

    has many volunteer opportunities. It's a good way to use your skills to help others. Meeting locals and making friends is important while studying in the UK. It helps build a strong network.ÌýThe more you see of life in the UK, the more you'll get used to it and feel at ease.

    If you're worried about your level of English - don't be. People in the UK are very tolerant of how their language is used. It's a truly global language, so there's no right or wrong accent.

    If you join the local community, expect to pick up a slight accent from the place you study. It shows that you have become a part of the community.

    Follow your university on social mediaÌýÌý

    Social media is a key part of all our lives, and this also goes for university life. Schools use social media accounts to share positive information about their staff and students. They also post pictures from the campus.

    Occasionally, a student takes over their account, giving them a chance to show what it's like to study there.ÌýÌý

    Student-run sites and social accounts also give an insider perspective on student life. Sites like cover news relevant to students, and have sections that cover news at specific universities. is also a place where current and former students discuss all aspects of student life in the UK, from exams to the TV shows students like to watch.

    Pay attention to the English language testÌý

    You'll have to pass an English test for your visa to study in the UK. Treat it as a chance to learn. Focus on the test content, as it reflects the daily tasks of the UK and student life.ÌýÌý

    For example, the speaking component of the PTE Academic test, which can be used for UK visas and to access 99% of British universities, tests your ability to summarise an academic lecture. You may have to summarize a lecture for a friend who couldn't attend, not just for your classes.Ìý

    Every task on the test has a real-world application, so if you can pass the test, you can be confident that you stand a good chance of making the most of life in the UK.Ìý

    Remember, although you can do as much research as you like, there's only so much you can learn online. To truly understand a place, you must be there and learn from the firsthand experience it offers. Be ready to be surprised and take advantage of things you never thought would happen. You only get to be an undergraduate once, so make the most of every opportunity.

  • Woman with a open book to her face in a bookshop

    Books to improve your English: Sci-fi and fantasy edition

    Por

    Are you a fan of science fiction and fantasy books? These genres are not only very entertaining but can also help you improve your English skills. You can enhance your language proficiency by reading books with captivating storytelling, unique vocabulary and imaginative concepts.

    Following on from 9 great novels to help improve your English, we've gathered a list of great sci-fi and fantasy books that will transport you to amazing worlds and improve your language skills.

    Ìý