Seven ways to develop independent learners

Richard Cleeve
A woman sat outdoors reading a booklet

What is independent learning?

Students who are actively involved in deciding what and how they learn are typically more engaged and motivated.

That¡¯s not surprising, because independent learners are extremely focused on their personal learning objectives.

, independent learning is ¡°a process, a method and a philosophy of education whereby a learner acquires knowledge by his or her own efforts and develops the ability for inquiry and critical evaluation."

?

Seven ways to develop independent learners
Play
Privacy and cookies

By watching, you agree ÃÛÌÒapp can share your viewership data for marketing and analytics for one year, revocable by deleting your cookies.

In the context of language learning, independent learners can recognize their learning needs, locate relevant information about language and develop the required language skills on their own or with other learners.

There are many advantages of encouraging independent learning among your students:

  • Increased recognition of strengths, weaknesses and progress
  • Higher levels of confidence
  • More motivation
  • Better management of learning
  • Improved performance

Not only will these benefits help your students while learning English, but they¡¯ll also benefit them at school, university and even in their day-to-day lives.

How can I help my students to become independent learners?

Some of your students may already be independent learners; however, most will need your support to become more autonomous.

Here are seven ways you can help:

Make learning goals clear

Sharing learning goals with your class helps students to see what they¡¯re aiming for and they¡¯ll also be able to assess afterwards? whether they¡¯ve achieved it or not. This can be done at the beginning of a lesson or series of lessons or even as a lesson progresses.

Although many teachers set the goals themselves, if you want to create a really independent learning experience, elicit them directly from the students. A simple question could be, ¡°What do you think this activity is helping you get better at?¡±

Personalize learning goals

Another thing to consider is setting different goals for different learners, depending on their strengths and weaknesses. This will be much easier if the students are setting their own goals. For example, when doing a task focused on the speaking paper in an exam course, one student¡¯s objective might be to give extended answers, while another might want to use more discourse markers.

Focus on the process as well as the goal

Once your students have set their goals, they need to start thinking about how they¡¯ll reach them.

One way to help them get on track is to provide them with a set of ¡®success criteria¡¯, which acts like a roadmap for the different tasks they need to complete. If your students understand what they need to do to be successful, they¡¯ll progress much faster and be more motivated when they see how far they¡¯ve come.

If one of your student¡¯s goals is to improve their grammatical accuracy in the C1 Advanced speaking exam, for example, you could give them a rubric (like the one below) which they can use to assess their own performance.

Keep your assessment categories as positive as possible (for example, 'solid', 'good' and 'acing it') and link it to the official exam criteria where possible.

Provide opportunities to reflect on learning

Students should constantly be encouraged to reflect on their performance and whether they¡¯ve met their learning goals. This will help them become more aware of their strengths, weaknesses and the progress they¡¯re making. Recognition of progress will help build confidence and motivation.

Opportunities for assessment and reflection don¡¯t need to take a lot of time. Spending two minutes at the end of the class asking students questions like ¡®What can you do better now than at the start of the lesson?¡¯ will help learners develop critical meta-cognitive skills.

Offer feedback on learning

Teacher feedback also helps students develop the skills needed to become more independent. Offer feedback in a supportive and sensitive manner, making positive observations alongside any criticism.

Effective feedback should allow learners to understand where they currently are in their learning, where they¡¯re heading and how they¡¯ll get there.

Encourage peer feedback

Feedback shouldn¡¯t only come from the teacher. You should also get students to evaluate each other¡¯s progress during and after an activity. Peer feedback is not only advantageous to the student receiving it, but there are also many reflective benefits of giving feedback to someone else.

Transfer learning decisions to students

It¡¯s impossible for students to become independent learners if you make all the decisions for them. Giving students the opportunity to make decisions about their learning will give them greater autonomy. However, this should be a gradual process and not all students will be ready to take 100% control from the outset.

Start with small decisions first and ask questions such as:

  • Do you want to do the task alone or in pairs?
  • Would you like to use a set of useful phrases for support when doing the speaking task?
  • Would you prefer to discuss questions about this topic or another?

This devolvement of responsibility built up over time will help learners to become more independent.

  • A group of university students outside smiling

    International students: Which UK university is best for you?

    By ÃÛÌÒapp Languages

    People study abroad for many reasons - to see new places, to experience a different culture, and, most importantly, to get access to student life and educational opportunities not available at home. If you want to study at a UK university, you¡¯ll not only have access to some truly innovative teaching and research, you¡¯ll also be joining one of the most multicultural student bodies in the world.

    The UK has a vast range of universities and courses to choose from. So, how do you choose between over 160 institutions and thousands of courses? that half of students who drop out of university early do so because they chose the wrong course, so it¡¯s important to be completely happy with your choice.

    So, here's what you need to consider before you make your university application so you can make the right choice.

    Choose your subject

    The first step in choosing a university is deciding what you want to study. Your will be sent to all your university choices, so it should be relevant to all the courses you apply for. This means that your course choices must be the same or in a similar field.

    Think about the school subjects you¡¯re good at, but also think about what you could spend the next three or even four years studying.

    Is there a subject that you want to continue and deepen your knowledge in? Or do you want to study something completely new?

    Do you want to study a subject like law or medicine related to a specific job? Or do you want to take a course like history that can be used in a wide range of careers? Think carefully about these questions and the rest of the process will become much more manageable.

    Do as many events and online taster sessions, and sign up for as many free online courses as possible. has a great range of taster courses from universities all over the world. This can help you decide where your interests lie. Above all, keep notes on what interests you and what doesn¡¯t.

    If you think you want a broader degree, then you¡¯ve always got the option of doing a joint honors degree. This means you combine two different courses. Many joint honors courses combine a language with another subject, allowing you to use your learning around the world or even do a study placement in another country.

    Consider the competition

    When thinking about what course you could do, it¡¯s important to consider the competition. Some courses have many more applicants than places, but there are also hundreds of ¡®hidden¡¯ courses that get far fewer applicants. For example, the University of Oxford receives 16.9 applicants per place on its Economics course, but it¡¯s closer to 3 applicants per Classics place. Classics covers a range of areas like politics, history, linguistics and social sciences, and really challenges your intellect.

    Economics might be competitive but Classics might be just as valuable. There are thousands of ¡®hidden¡¯ courses, which don't attract as many applicants just because they¡¯re not well known. Check out the full range of courses on the site and the and do it with an open mind.

    Once you¡¯ve narrowed down your list of courses, it¡¯s time to think about where to study.

    Think about location and compare places

    The UK might be a small country but it¡¯s incredibly diverse. There are large, international cities like London or Glasgow, smaller towns and cities like Cardiff, Belfast or Nottingham, rural universities like Lancaster, coastal towns like St. Andrews or historic cities like York, Oxford or Cambridge.

    So, when deciding on a UK university, you must first ask yourself: what¡¯s important to you? Would you prefer to live in a busy city or the quiet countryside? Will you be doing a lot of exploring or will you stay near campus? These factors will make a difference to your decision.

    You¡¯ll also need to think carefully about costs. Different parts of the UK have different living costs, depending on things like rent, transport and the cost of entertainment. Check out to see what rents are like, to get an idea of how expensive life will be.

    Finally, the type of university itself is important. Some universities have campuses where the whole of university life takes place, like the . Others are more spread out, such as the , which has buildings all over the city. Each has its own atmosphere and you should think about which you prefer.

    Look at the university rankings?

    Find out how your preferred universities rank in the league tables. Rankings of the top universities in the UK don¡¯t just measure teaching quality. They show data on student satisfaction, post-graduation employment rates and staff-to-student ratios.

    The best universities in the UK and courses with higher rankings will be more competitive to gain entry to. You can apply for up to five courses on your UCAS form, so choosing a range of courses and universities is a good idea. Include an ambitious choice which you may or may not get the grades for and safe choices that you know will accept you.

    You can check the s, or the to see which universities are the most highly rated.

    That being said, student life in the UK is about balance. You need to consider both rankings and what¡¯s right for you. It¡¯s no use going to a top-ranking UK university in a location you hate, studying things that don¡¯t interest you and where the culture on campus doesn¡¯t appeal to you.

    Sometimes it might be better to consider a lower university ranking if it can offer you plenty of chances to thrive and achieve your personal goals.

    Remember, the reason that there are so many different kinds of universities is because everyone is unique. If you¡¯re applying to somewhere you know matches your values and interests, you¡¯ll be much more likely to succeed in your university career.

    Research the teaching style

    It¡¯s a good idea to look at the style of teaching and assessment at your chosen university. Some courses focus more on final exams, others on coursework, projects, dissertations and independent research.

    See whether your university¡¯s exams are open book or closed book. If they¡¯re closed you have to remember a lot more, but if they¡¯re open you will probably have to give more detailed answers in your exams.

    If you can attend open days and chat with other students and potential professors, do so. But if you can¡¯t, remember that each university course website will tell you about the course content and how it is assessed. You need to make a choice based on what type of assessment will suit you best.

    Some courses are taught in large lectures and seminars; others, such as many colleges, will teach you in small groups or one-to-one with a tutor. The teaching style that works best for you will be crucial in your choice.

    Consider your hobbies

    Every university has its own culture and social life based around the student unions and societies. For local and international students, university life is about more than studying.

    You will have a more balanced student experience if you make time for your hobbies. You can look on the university website to learn about student societies and clubs and see which activities are available. But don¡¯t worry if you don¡¯t see anything that appeals - you can always be proactive and start your own society.

    Do you have a sport that you love to do? If you do and are really good at it, you may be eligible for a . There are all sorts of funding and awards available, so even if you think you won¡¯t get anything, it¡¯s a good idea to check.

    Make sure you meet the English language requirements

    You¡¯ll need to pass a test of English for your UK student visa requirements. You can take any Secure English Language Test (SELT) approved by the Home Office, the UK government department responsible for immigration.

    PTE Academic can be used for UK student visas for degree-level courses, and to access 99% of universities in the country. The test takes two hours, covers reading, speaking, listening and writing, and is done on a computer. Results usually come back within 48 hours, making it convenient and reliable.

    Choosing a university requires a lot of thought. Luckily, choosing an English test to get a visa is easy.?

  • a woman sat in a library in front of a laptop and open books

    The importance of antonyms: Expanding your vocabulary

    By

    Expanding and improving your English vocabulary can be done in various ways, but exploring antonyms can be a handy and unique approach. Antonyms, which are words that express opposite meanings, can help you enhance your language skills. Knowing a wide range of them can be incredibly helpful in everyday life and help you get your point across clearly.

    In today's language learning blog post, we share practical tips to help you harness the power of antonyms and improve your vocabulary.

    ?

  • A child sat at a desk with a pen in hand, looking up at their teacher and smiling

    Dyslexia and ELT: How to help young learners in the classroom

    By Joanna Wiseman

    When you¡¯re teaching English to young learners, you might find that there are a few students in your class who are struggling. But sometimes it can be hard to tell why. Is it because their language level is low? Or are they finding classroom work difficult because of a general cognitive difference, like dyslexia??

More Blogs from ÃÛÌÒapp