Practical tips for supporting neurodivergent learners in the classroom

Charlotte Guest
College students sat together at a table smiling
Reading time: 7 minutes

Educators need to meet the needs of all students, including those who are neurodivergent. Neurodivergence refers to variations in the human brain and cognition, including dyslexia, ADHD, and autism. Among these, dyslexia is one of the most common learning differences, affecting how individuals process written and spoken language. Although each student’s needs are unique, there are several practical, research-backed strategies educators can employ to support and empower these learners.Ìý

Let’s look at some tips for teachers, which cover everything from font choice and classroom environment to presentation of information and assessment design. Although these are designed to support neurodivergent students, they will in fact help fosterÌýa more inclusive, accessible, and positive learning experience for all learners.

Supporting neurodivergent students
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Understanding the needs of neurodivergent learners

Before diving into practical strategies, it’s important to appreciate the experiences of neurodivergent and dyslexic learners. Dyslexia, for example, is not a marker of intelligence but rather a difference in how the brain processes language. Dyslexic learners may struggle with reading fluency, decoding, spelling and rapid word recognition, even while they often excel in creativity and complex problem-solving.

Neurodivergent learners – whether they have dyslexia, ADHD, autism or other differences – may benefit from adjustments in classroom routines, communication styles and learning materials. By understanding these needs, educators can create a more equitable and supportive environment.

The best fonts for dyslexic and neurodivergent students

Choosing the right font is a simple yet powerful way to boost reading accessibility for all students, especially those with dyslexia or other processing differences. The wrong font can make reading unnecessarily difficult and frustrating, while the right choice can help letters stand apart and reduce confusion.

Sans-serif fonts are widely recommended for their clean, straightforward design. These fonts lack the decorative "feet" (serifs) found in traditional fonts, making each character more distinguishable. Excellent san-serif choices include:

  • Arial
  • Verdana
  • Tahoma
  • Calibri
  • Century Gothic

Specialized dyslexia-friendly fonts

There are fonts specifically designed to support dyslexic readers by making commonly-confused letters less ambiguous and heavier at the bottom to help prevent letter flipping. These include OpenDyslexic, Dyslexie and Lexie Readable. However, these fonts are not universally popular with dyslexic readers.Ìý

Where possible, allow students to adjust font preferences on class devices so they can choose the font that's best for them.

Best practices in font formatting

Size: Use a minimum of 12–14 point size for clarity; larger sizes can be helpful for headings or for students who need more support.

Spacing: Increase line spacing to at least 1.5; wider letter spacing and extra space between paragraphs make reading less visually taxing.

Avoid italics and underlining: Italics distort letter forms and underlining can obscure letters—use bold to highlight instead.

Contrast: Opt for black or dark text on a pale, non-glare background (such as off-white or pastel shades).

Consistent layout: Keep formatting uniform throughout materials to minimize distractions and support predictable reading flow.

Avoid decorative or complex fonts: Steer clear of ornate, script or novelty fonts such as Papyrus. These fonts can confuse letter shapes, reduce legibility and make reading much harder for neurodivergent students. Stick to clean, simple typefaces designed for readability.

Remember, flexibility is crucial as different students may have distinct font preferences. Encourage learners to share what works best for them and adapt when feasible.

Presenting information clearly and accessibly

The way information is presented can make a big difference for neurodivergent learners.

  • Chunk information: Present content in small, manageable sections instead of large blocks of text. Use headings, bullet points and numbered lists to help organize ideas.
  • Use visual aids: Incorporate diagrams, mind maps, infographics and images alongside text. Many learners process visual information more effectively than written language alone.
  • Supplement written text with audio or video: Offer spoken instructions, audiobooks, or video explanations. Providing multiple avenues to access content supports a wider range of learning styles.
  • Minimize cognitive load: Avoid overwhelming students with too much information at once. Introduce new concepts gradually and review key points often.
  • Provide clear instructions: Break down tasks into step-by-step instructions. Check for understanding by having students repeat directions or demonstrate the task.

Supporting organization and memory

Some neurodivergent learners may face challenges with organization, working memory and following complex instructions. Consider the following:

  • Use planners and checklists: Provide visual checklists, planners or digital apps to help students organize assignments and deadlines.
  • Color-code materials: Color-coded folders and labels can help students quickly locate notes, homework and resources.
  • Allow note-taking alternatives: Encourage mind mapping, drawing or audio recording as alternatives to traditional note-taking.
  • Offer memory aids: Use mnemonics, rhymes and visual cues to reinforce key concepts.

Flexible assessment and assignment design

Standardized assessments and traditional assignments can disadvantage some neurodivergent learners. To level the playing field:

  • Offer alternatives to written exams: Allow students to demonstrate learning through oral presentations, videos or creative projects where appropriate.
  • Extended time and untimed tests: Provide extra time for reading, processing and producing work to reduce anxiety and allow for accurate demonstration of knowledge.
  • Clear rubrics: Share assessment criteria in advance and use straightforward language.
  • Feedback that builds confidence: Focus on effort, improvement and the strengths each student brings to the class.

Building an inclusive classroom environment

Creating a classroom culture that values difference, flexibility and acceptance is essential.

  • Promote a growth mindset: Emphasize that mistakes are part of learning. Celebrate progress, resilience, and creative thinking.
  • Encourage peer support: Foster collaboration, buddy systems and group work that allows students to shine in different roles.
  • Be mindful of sensory needs: Some neurodivergent learners are sensitive to noise, light or texture. Provide quiet zones, sensory tools or headphones as needed.
  • Respect privacy and agency: Allow students to disclose challenges at their own pace. Avoid singling anyone out or making assumptions about abilities.

Utilize technology

Technology offers a wealth of tools for making learning more accessible:

  • Text-to-speech software: Tools like NaturalReader and built-in accessibility features let students hear text read aloud.
  • Speech-to-text tools: Enable students to dictate assignments or notes, reducing the burden of spelling and handwriting.
  • Accessible learning platforms: Choose digital platforms that allow for customization, such as adjustable font sizes, background colors or audio narration.
  • Organizational apps: Tools such as Google Calendar, Trello or reminders can help neurodivergent students track assignments and manage time.

Communicating with families and specialists

Strong home-school collaboration is vital. Keep open lines of communication with families and, where possible, collaborate with learning specialists, speech-language therapists and occupational therapists. Share strategies that are effective in the classroom and seek input from caregivers who know their child’s strengths and needs best.

Be understanding

Every learner is unique, and what works for one may not work for another. The most powerful tool at a teacher’s disposal is a flexible, empathetic approach – one that invites feedback, encourages self-advocacy and continuously adapts.

By implementing these practical strategies, educators not only help neurodivergent and dyslexic students thrive academically but also foster a sense of belonging and self-worth that extends far beyond the classroom walls. In doing so, we empower all learners to unlock their full potential and contribute their distinct perspectives to our ever-evolving world.

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    5 ways to reinspire your students after the summer holidays

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    The new academic year is here and we're getting ready to head back to the English classroom. Yet, after a long and relaxing summer holiday, some students may feel unmotivated to return to the same class routine, especially if they have been learning English for several years. So, how can we reinspire students to keep learning and reconnect with English? By bringing in new resources, learning approaches and targets, we are sure you'll be able to rekindle their love of learning.

    So let's look at five ways to reinspire your English students in the coming academic year.

    1. Set new goals

    Students may lose interest in classes or feel discouraged when they don't have a clear target to work towards. If this is the case with your class, have them write up a list of five new goals they'd like to achieve.Ìý

    These goals must be SMART: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Timely. So rather than just saying "I'd like to learn more vocabulary", have students make it SMART.Ìý

    For example:

    Specific: "I'd like to learn new advanced vocabulary to use in my writing."

    Measurable: "I'll test myself to see if I can define and use 20 new words in sentences."

    Achievable: "I will dedicate 2 hours a week to studying the definitions and writing example sentences in context."

    Relevant: "This will help me get a good score in myÌýÌýas I struggle with formal academic language."

    Timely: "I will learn 20 new words by the end of September."

    If learners find it difficult to think of goals, ask them to write one for each language skill: listening, reading, writing and speaking. You can also refer to the GSE Teacher Toolkit, which has hundreds of learning objectives organized by age, level, skill type and more.

    The idea is to encourage them to set clear objectives, giving them an exciting new challenge to work towards for the year ahead.

    2. Encourage students to find conversation partners

    Students may lose interest in improving their English if they've only been studying in a classroom. They may see it as something boring and unrelated to their real lives.Ìý

    A great way to tackle this is by encouraging them to talk with English speakers outside of class. By doing this, they'll pick up new vocabulary and expressions, giving them more confidenceÌýin their language abilities.Ìý

    Suggest that they attend a language exchange.ÌýÌýandÌýÌýareÌýgreat platforms to find regular language exchange events in their local area. While this is suitable for intermediate learners and above, it may be a bit daunting for beginners.Ìý

    In this case, the appÌýÌýmay be a suitable alternative. Similar to a language exchange, learners can connect with people from around the world. They can choose people with a similar level as them and either write messages, send short audios, or do video calls, depending on their ability and confidence.Ìý

    Communicating with real people is a fun and encouraging reason for your learners to want to improve.

    3. Introduce interesting new vocabulary

    Students may become disheartened if they've been learning for years but aren't seeing much progress. A simple and effective way to help them improve their level is by encouraging them toÌýexpand their vocabulary.Ìý

    They already have to study a lot of vocabulary from their textbooks, so why not give it a more personal twist and ask for suggestions of topics that interest them?Ìý

    Maybe they are gamers and want to learn how to communicate better with other players around the world. Select vocabulary about styles of games, turn-taking, and strategizing that they could use – they can practice in class and be thrilled to be given homework.

    Perhaps some of your students want to study or work abroad. This may be a common topic, but one thing that is not frequently discussed is how to deal with the paperwork of living in another country. For example, getting into more specific language about banking, housing rentals, or setting up wifi will help them feel more confident about their move. Though these things differ between countries, there is a lot of overlapping vocabulary and roleplaying will do wonders to reassure and excite them about their upcoming adventures.

    By allowing your students to take control of their learning, their motivation is naturally higher and you too will enjoy finding out specific language about their interests.

    4. Work on specific problem areasÌý

    Language learners may become frustrated and lose motivation if they continue to make the same mistakes. It may cause them to feel disheartened in their abilities and want to give up, especially for those who aim to sit exams. You can help them level up by identifying specific problem areas and tailoring your classes to work on these.Ìý

    Tests can help your learners discover their weaknesses and avoid the frustration of sitting and not passing an exam. They'll be able to pinpoint what they need to work on, and you can dedicate your classes to exactly what they need, rather than cover areas they may not have problems with.

    For example, if students are experiencing difficulties with reading comprehension, you could try introducing more varied reading materials. Ask them to bring in blog posts, magazines and news articles on topics that they find interesting. Highlight keywords in the text to enhance their understanding of the piece and create comprehension questions similar to the test format they'll take.Ìý

    By giving a little extra attention to fixing problem areas, learners will soon start to see their progress, encouraging and inspiring them to keep going.

    5. Change your class formatÌý

    Sometimes learners become demotivated simply because they have become too used to the format of the classes. If this is the case, you might want to take a break from the textbook and try more creative language learning methods. For example:

    Use interactive games

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    Set project work

    Put your class into small groups and have them work on a project to present to the rest of the group. Choose topics they might cover in their textbooks, such as occupations, travel or cultural traditions. Or even better – let students come up with their own! This activity can be modified to suit all levels and offers a challenge as learners will need to push their language limits.

    Hold class debatesÌý

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    Throw in some unexpected activities to bring students' attention back to class and spark their interest in learning again.