Many people can't tell the difference between the hyphen (-), the en-dash (–), and the em-dash (—). They may look similar but they can all help ensure that your writing looks professional and is easy to read. As an overview:

• Hyphens improve clarity: there is a big difference between "a man-eating shark" and "a man eating shark".
• En-dashes and em-dashes share a lot of the same functionality – including allowing for explanations and examples to be shared, and separating clauses – however, they are not interchangeable and their use is often down to personal preference. 

Let's explore what these three different dashes do and how they could improve your writing. 

The beginning days of school are both exciting and occasionally nerve-wracking for teachers and students alike. Everyone is adjusting to new faces, routines and a fresh environment. As a teacher, you can help make this shift smooth, inviting and enjoyable. One effective way to achieve this is by using icebreaker activities.

Icebreakers are simple games or activities that help students get to know each other, feel comfortable and start building a positive classroom community. When students feel connected, they are more likely to participate, help each other and enjoy learning. Here are some easy-to-use icebreaker activities and tips for making the beginning of the school year memorable for everyone. Here are just a few ideas for icebreakers you can use in your classroom.

In academic ops, we’re always finding the balance between precision and practicality. On one side: the goal of delivering lessons that are level-appropriate, relevant and tied to real learner needs. On the other hand, we juggle hundreds of courses, support teachers, handle last-minute changes and somehow keep the whole system moving without losing momentum or our minds.

That’s exactly where AI and the Global Scale of English (GSE) have changed the game for us at Bridge. Over the past year, we’ve been using AI tools to streamline lesson creation, speed up course design and personalize instruction in a way that’s scalable and pedagogically sound.

Spoiler alert: it’s working.

The challenge: Customization at scale

Our corporate English learners aren’t just “students”. They’re busy professionals: engineers, sales leads, analysts. They need immediate impact. They have specific goals, high expectations and very little patience for anything that feels generic.

Behind the scenes, my team is constantly:

• Adapting content to real company contexts
• Mapping GSE descriptors to measurable outcomes
• Designing lessons that are easy for teachers to deliver
• Keeping quality high across dozens of industries and levels

The solution: Building personalized courses at scale

To address this challenge, we developed an internal curriculum engine that blends the GSE, AI and practical, job-focused communication goals into a system that can generate full courses in minutes.

It is built around 21 workplace categories, including Conflict Resolution, Business Travel and Public Speaking. Each category has five lessons mapped to CEFR levels and GSE descriptors, sequenced to support real skill development.

Then the fun part: content creation. Using GPT-based AI agents trained on GSE Professional objectives, we feed in a few parameters like:

• Category: Negotiation
• Lesson: Staying Professional Under Pressure
• Skills: Speaking (GSE 43, 44), Reading (GSE 43, 45)

In return, we get:

• A teacher plan with clear prompts, instructions and model responses
• Student slides or worksheets with interactive, GSE-aligned tasks
• Learning outcomes tied directly to the descriptors

Everything is structured, leveled and ready to go.

One Example: “Staying Organized at Work”

This A2 lesson falls under our Time Management module and hits descriptors like:

• Reading 30: Can ask for repetition and clarification using basic fixed expressions
• Speaking 33: Can describe basic activities or events happening at the time of speaking

Students work with schedules, checklists and workplace vocabulary. They build confidence by using simple but useful language in simulated tasks. Teachers are fully supported with ready-made discussion questions and roleplay prompts.

Whether we’re prepping for a quick demo or building a full 20-hour course, the outcome is the same. We deliver scalable, teacher-friendly, learner-relevant lessons that actually get used.

Beyond the framework: AI-generated courses for individual learner profiles

While our internal curriculum engine helps us scale structured, GSE-aligned lessons across common workplace themes, we also use AI for one-on-one personalization. This second system builds fully custom courses based on an individual’s goals, role, and communication challenges.

One of our clients, a global mining company, needed a course for a production engineer in field ops. His English level was around B1 (GSE 43 to 50). He didn’t need grammar. He needed to get better at safety briefings, reports and meetings. Fast.

He filled out a detailed needs analysis, and I fed the data into our first AI agent. It created a personalized GSE-aligned syllabus based on his job, challenges and goals. That syllabus was passed to a second agent, preloaded with the full GSE Professional framework, which then generated 20 complete lessons.

The course looked like this:

• Module 1: Reporting project updates
• Module 2: Supply chain and logistics vocabulary
• Module 3: Interpreting internal communications
• Module 4: Coordination and problem-solving scenarios
• Module 5: Safety presentation with feedback rubric

From start to finish, the course took under an hour to build. It was tailored to his actual workday. His teacher later reported that his communication had become noticeably clearer and more confident.

This was not a one-off. We have now repeated this flow for dozens of learners in different industries, each time mapping everything back to GSE ranges and skill targets.

Why it works: AI + GSE = The right kind of structure

AI helps us move fast. But the GSE gives us the structure to stay aligned.

Without it, we’re just generating content. With it, we’re creating instruction that is:

• Measurable and appropriate for the learner’s level
• Easy for teachers to deliver
• Consistent and scalable across programs

The GSE gives us a shared language for goals, outcomes and progress. That is what keeps it pedagogically sound.

Final thought

A year ago, I wouldn’t have believed we could design a 20-lesson course in under an hour that actually delivers results. But now it’s just part of the workflow.

AI doesn’t replace teaching. It enhances it. And when paired with the GSE, it gives us a way to meet learner needs with speed, clarity, and purpose. It’s not just an upgrade. It’s what’s next.