Table of contents
- 1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data55m
- 2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs1h 55m
- 3. Describing Data Numerically1h 45m
- 4. Probability2h 16m
- 5. Binomial Distribution & Discrete Random Variables2h 33m
- 6. Normal Distribution and Continuous Random Variables1h 38m
- 7. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Mean1h 3m
- 8. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Proportion1h 12m
- 9. Hypothesis Testing for One Sample1h 1m
- 10. Hypothesis Testing for Two Samples2h 8m
- 11. Correlation48m
- 12. Regression1h 4m
- 13. Chi-Square Tests & Goodness of Fit1h 20m
- 14. ANOVA1h 0m
3. Describing Data Numerically
Standard Deviation
Problem 2.4.9
Textbook Question
Using and Interpreting Concepts
Finding the Range of a Data Set In Exercises 9 and 10, find the range of the data set represented by the graph.


1
Step 1: Understand the concept of range. The range of a data set is the difference between the maximum and minimum values in the data set.
Step 2: Identify the minimum value from the graph. Look at the lowest income value represented on the x-axis, which is 45 (in thousands of dollars).
Step 3: Identify the maximum value from the graph. Look at the highest income value represented on the x-axis, which is 95 (in thousands of dollars).
Step 4: Calculate the range by subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value. Use the formula: Range = Maximum - Minimum.
Step 5: Interpret the result. The range represents the spread of the data set, showing the difference between the highest and lowest median annual incomes by state.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Range
The range of a data set is a measure of dispersion that indicates the difference between the maximum and minimum values. It provides a simple way to understand the spread of the data. To calculate the range, subtract the smallest value from the largest value in the data set. In the context of the provided graph, identifying the highest and lowest income values will allow for the calculation of the range.
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Histogram
A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data, where the data is divided into intervals (bins) and the frequency of data points within each interval is represented by the height of bars. In the given graph, the x-axis represents income ranges, while the y-axis shows the frequency of states within those income ranges. Understanding histograms is essential for interpreting data distributions and identifying patterns.
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Frequency Distribution
Frequency distribution is a summary of how often each value occurs in a data set. It can be represented in various forms, including tables and graphs like histograms. In the context of the graph, the frequency distribution shows how many states fall within specific income ranges, allowing for insights into income distribution across states. This concept is crucial for analyzing data trends and making comparisons.
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